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EAM has relied in two types of dissipation at the model top. With the lack of a robust non-reflecting boundary condition for the nonlinear dynamics, vertically propagating waves which should leave the model can instead be reflected off the model top. The sponge layer damps these waves to minimize the reflection. It also prevents pileup of KE at the model top.

The first sponge layer is Rayleigh damping, implemented in the physics and turned on in EAMv1 when we transitioned from 30 to 72L.

The second sponger layer is a Laplacian dissipation term implemented in the dycore.

Both approaches are inherited from CAM.

Rayleigh Damping

  • namelist parameter: raytay0 = 5.0 (default starting with v1)

  • Algorithm?

Laplacian smoothing:

  • namelist parameter: nu_top

  • Laplacian smoothing applied at the model top with coefficient nu_top*nu_top_scale(k)

  • preqx dycore (EAM v0,v1). Sponge layer modeled after that used by CAM-EUL

    • nu_top=2.5e5

    • nu_top_scale(1:nlev)=4,2,1,0,0,0….. (applied in top 3 model layers)

    • Laplacian term added to RHS of hyperviscosity operator

  • Theta dycore (EAM v2, SCREAM). Sponge layer modeled after CAM-FV ( Lauritzen et al., https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342011410088 )

    • nu_top = Resolution dependent. See https://acme-climate.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/DOC/pages/1044644202/EAM+s+HOMME+dycore

    • Laplacian term applied independently from hyperviscosity, and with it’s own timestep controlled by hypervis_subcycle_tom. Default 1.

    • nu_top_scale(:) uses reference pressure based formula

    • Formula in terms of reference pressure computed from “eta” coordinate:

      • p_ratio = eta(1)/eta(k)

      • nu_top_scale = 16*( 1 ./ ( 1 + (p_ratio)^-2)). (mathematically equivalent to the 8*(1+ tanh(log(p_ratio))) formula used in CAM-FV)

      • where (nu_top_scale>8) nu_top_scale=8

      • where (nu_top_scale<0.15) nu_top_scale=0

    • This formula creates a sponge layer that is active from [ptop/10,ptop]. For EAM’s 72L configuration, ptop=0.1 mb, meaning that the sponge layer starts at 1mb which might be too high. For SCREAM’s L128 configuration, ptop=2mb, so the sponge layer starts an 20mb, which might be too low. At NE256 and 72L, the model is unstable in the sponge layer.

  • Simplified option with control over sponge layer thickness:

    • To address the instabilities seen at high resolution, we propose to add namelist variable tom_sponge_start, specified in mb

    • And use a simplified version of the above formula to make it easier to control the thickness:

    • p_ratio = (tom_sponge_start/100) / eta(k)

    • nu_top_scale = .15 * p_ratio^2

Plots of the CAM-FV / EAMv2 sponge layer profile:

The plot shows the scaling factor, with a cutoff at 8.0. The cutoff at 0.15 is shown via the black line. The curves are shown extending beyond this in the plot, but in the model values below 0.15 are set to 0 and the sponge layer is not used. “NEW” shows the simplified option, with the sponge layer starting at 10mb.

Experiments

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