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Abstract
Much attention has been paid for decades to the sensitivity of earth system models (including E3SM) to different spatial grid resolutions. However, a corresponding and equally important issue is the sensitivity of the models to time steps, and this issue has not received much attention. Our earlier work has revealed that the stratiform cloud parameterizations in E3SM and several of its predecessors showed strong time-step sensitivity and slower-than-expected convergence when the model's time step was systematically refined. In this work, a simplified model is configured that consists of the spectral-element dynamical core of the E3SM atmosphere model and a large-scale condensation parameterization based on the scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model version 4 (CAM4). Like E3SM, this simplified model shows poor convergence, and the time-stepping errors are larger than those in the dynamical-core-only configuration.
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