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Abstract
Secular changes in Earth’s climate system are driven by large-scale, long-term sequestration of heat within the deep ocean. Small scale processes, such as mixing occurring due to ocean eddies, interacts via nonlinear feedbacks to exert a dominant impact on the transport of mass and heat in the ocean. These small scale processes impact the climate in two ways: vertically, heat is exchanged between the deep ocean and atmosphere via vertical mixing within the oceanic surface boundary layer; Horizontally and internally within fluid layers, heat transport occurs laterally along ocean density layers that periodically outcrop to the surface or deep ocean, providing a mechanism for deep-ocean entrainment of heat.
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