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1. Comparisons of three two-stream models (i.e., SNICAR used in ELM, dEdd-AD used in MPAS-seaice, and  a new algorithm 2SD) against a 16-stream DISORT benchmark model show dEdd-AD produces more accurate snow radiative properties, especially under a cloudy sky. 

Figure 6 of Dang et al., 2019: Errors in diffuse snow albedo computed using the three two-stream models, for various snow depths and snow grain radii, with solar zenith angle of 60° at the top of the atmosphere. 

2. Comparisons of different band setup options show that the 5-band schemes scheme used by SNICAR effectively captures the spectral variation of snow albedo and therefore produces more accurate solar flux calculation for snow-covered sea ice. . The right figure shows spectral snow albedo and band-averaged albedo for different options. The left figure shows the error of reflected shortwave flux computed using different band approximations, evaluated against the spectrally integrated reflected solar flux from 0.3 to 5 microns for every 10 nm.

Verification Test 2

Verification Test 2: Correction for direct albedo for large solar zenith angles

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