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Abstract
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In order to improve the simulation of ice clouds and their impacts on radiation and the hydrological cycle, several new parameterizations are implemented in ACME, including a new treatment of the sub-grid updraft velocity that determines the ice nucleation rate, an updated ice nucleation parameterization that considers the impact of pre-existing ice crystals in cirrus clouds, and a classical-nucleation-theory based parameterization for heterogeneous ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds. These new treatments remove some artificial thresholds applied in the existing ice nucleation schemes and improve the consistency between the representations of various ice nucleation modes.
The ACME model is also being modified to improve the compatibility between MAM aerosols and light-absorbing particles deposited on snow/ice and simulation of their impacts on radiation and snow/ice melting. Preliminary results show significant changes to aerosol-in-snow forcing induced by the new treatments. The code is being structured to function with future treatments of light-absorption by brown carbon particles in addition to black carbon and dust.