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1. What are the grand challenges in ocean/ice modeling? For example:

   1. What are the key missing or more uncertain processes that should be prioritized for model development?

   2. What processes require more improvements in scale awareness?

   3. Is there a game-changing scale for modeling processes in each component?

   4. Can we develop a heirarchy of models that actually informs coupled modeling efforts?

      1. Is there something between forced ocean sea ice and fully coupled runs?

         1. “pencil atmosphere”

         2. FAFMIP

         3. other?

2. How can we overcome these challenges and accelerate progress?

3. What opportunities/recent advances can E3SM leverage?

4. How can we improve E3SM’s development and evaluation process? For example:

   1. How could development better target known biases?

   2. How can we ensure good coupled model behavior while developing component models?

   3. How can development and evaluation be made more efficient?

Notes:

Laure Zanna: Turbulence Closures in Ocean Models

Goals: improve parameterization of mesoscale eddies through energetics. Link momentum, buoyancy, eddy energy closures

Sources, sinks, and transfer of energy across scales is key. Mesoscales in particular are important; extract energy from mean flow and improves model output. GM mimics baroclinic instability and reduces spurious convection and mixing, but doesn’t account for eddy energy. Eddy energy can be used to inform GM coefficient, but then you’re still missing some energy pathways, so we need to rethink momentum closures. Bachman 2019 reinjects available potential energy from GM into resolved KE. Stocastic and non-newtonian closures are also an option. Overall, recent closures have focused on targeting energy transfers; have shown a reduction in biases in ocean transport. Challenge: how do we do this across resolution and in global models? Which momentum closure is best? What is the impact of vertical structure? There is a need for observationally-constrained and unified buoyancy and momentum closures, via energetics, for a robust scale and flow aware implementation in IPCC-class models

Discussion: