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Nudging is a simulation technique widely used in sensitivity studies and in the evaluation of atmosphere models. Care is needed in the experimental setup in order to achieve the desired constraint on the simulated atmospheric processes without introducing undue intervention. In this study, we revised the nudging implementation in E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1) and conducted sensitivity experiments to identify setups that can give results representative of the climate simulated by the unnudged model and meanwhile reasonably capture characteristics of the observed meteorological conditions to facilitate the comparison of model results with measurements.
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